Art of weaving horsehair cloth.



H. J. & E. SCHWEHM.

ART 0F wEAvlNG HoRsEHAm cLoTH.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 30, 1915. y

Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

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ART 0F WEAVING HORSEHAIR CLOTH. APPLlcATxoN FILED APR. 30. 1915.

1,21 9,674. Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

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' ENQ@ .ART 0F WEAVING HORSEHAIR CLOTH.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

Application filed April 30, 1915. Serial No. 24,891.

To all 'whom t may concern:

Be it known that we, HARRY J. Soi-iwnnir and ERNEST Sonwnrnir, citizens of the United States, residing in the city of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Weaving Horsehair Cloth, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in the art of weaving horse-hair cloth used for stifi'ening purposes in garments and for other purposes and comprising horse-hair weft threads interwoven with warp threads of suitable pliable material, such as a textile material commonly used for such purpose.

This cloth has been objectionable for the reason that horse-hair weft threads of the cloth, when in use, frequently shift their positions relatively to the Warp threads and often work their way out of the fabric, re` sulting in many obvious annoyances, and in much discomfort to persons wearing garments having horse-hair cloth therein.

The object of our invention is to overcome this objection to a greater extent than heretofore by the provision of a novel art or method of weaving horse-hair cloth by manipulating the pairs of warp threads as hereinafter described, to produce a twisted relation of them in the formation of the warp sheds, and introducing` the short horse hair wefts in such shed formations between the upper and lower members of the shedded warps in such manner that the warp threads will bind and hold the horse-hair weft threads in place and the latter, in turn, hold the warp threads in twisted relation; and, with this object in view, our invention resides in the novel art or method of interweaving the warp threads with the horsehair weft threads, as will be hereinafter fully described and particularly claimed.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical section of a loom adapted to be employed in weaving horsehair cloth in accordance with our invention.

Fig. 2 is a detail of the loom, showing part of the mechanism for operating the heddle frames.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are plan views, showing the different relative positions ofthe threads in the finished fabric and in the several operations of weaving the saine.

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section, on lino G-o of Fig. 3.

Fig. 7 is a transverse section, on line 7 7 of Fig. 3.

Referring to the drawings, 2 designates the loom frame, 3 the breast beam and 4 the lay. The warp threads 5 are drawn from a roller 8 over a roller 9 to and through the heddles in the heddle frames 10, 11, 12 and 13 to the fell of the cloth 14 being woven which passes over the breast beam 3 and around idler rollers 15 and 16 and is wound upon the take-up roller 17 in the usual manner. l

The heddle frames 12 and 13 are arranged in two sets of three frames each. Each set carries a series of the three part heddles which are commonly employed in this art to effect the lateral crossing of the warp threads during;` the well known weaving operation wherein the arp threads are arranged in pairs and the two threads of each pair are crossed laterally during the raising and lowering thereof in the formation of the warp sheds for the reception of the horse-hair weft threads, so that the pairs of warp threads will be twisted and held in their thereby twisted, condition by the inserted horse hair weft threads; one warp thread of each pair being operated by a three-part heddle of the heddle frame set 12, and the other warp thread of each pair being operated by a three part heddie of the heddle frame set 13. Each fame of each set 12 and 13 is connected to over-head belicrank levers 1S which are connected by rods 19 to the usual mechanism of the loom for raising and lowering the lieddle frames; and as the raising and lowering of the frames of the two sets 12 and 13 to etl'ect the crossing of the threads of the pairs of warp threads and the formation of the sheds during the weaving operation is common and well known we shall not illustrate or describe the same in detail herein.

To weave horse-hair cloth in accordance with our improved art or method we employ the two additional heddle frames 10 and 1l in combination with the two sets of frames 12 and 13 and provide each of the frames 10 and 11 with a set of ordinary heddles designed merely to raise and lower warp threads without crossing them laterally, and we connect cach frame 10 and 11 to overhead bell-crank levers similar to the levers 1S for operating the frames 12 and 13 and we operate 0r raise and lower the frames 10 and 11 by the same mechanism of the loom which raises and lowers the sets of heddle frames 12 and 13.

In weaving horse-hair cloth according to our improved art or method and with the aid of the loom hereinbefore generally described we divide the warp threads 5 into' two sets of pairs 20 and 21 und locate the pairs side by side in alternate succession throughout the width of the fabric; and we extend one thread 22 of each pair of the set 2() through the eye of a heddle in the heddlel frame 10, and we extend the other thread 23 of each pair of the set 20 through the eye of a heddle in the heddle frame 11, and we extend one thread 2e of each pair of the set 21 through the eye of a three-part heddle in the set of heddle frames 12, and we extend the other thread 25 o-f each pair of the set 21 through the eye of a three-part heddle in the set of heddle frames 13. This being done the warp threads 5 are raised and lowered for the formation of sheds and the horse-hair wert threads are inserted into the warp sheds by the mechanism of the loom and in the following order and manner.

Starting with the warp threads in the position shown in Figs. 3 and 7 in which they extend from the fell of the cloth 11k being woven to form the warp shed 26 and in which the threads 2A and 2li of the pairs 2O and 21 are raised, the threads 23 and 25 of the pairs 20 and 21 are lowered and the J threads 25 of the pairs 21 are crossed laterally over the threads 24: of the pairs 21, the first operation is to insert a horse-hair weft thread 2S into the shed 2G and adjacent to the last weft thread 27 previously woven into the fabric. rl`he next operation is to bind in the weft thread 2S and form another warp shed as shown in Fig. d, for the next pick by raising the threads 28 and 25 and lowering the threads 22 and. 2st and then crossing the threads 25 laterally over the threads 211 and, at the same time, raising the threads 2d and lowering the threads 25. The next operation is to insert a horse-hair weft thread 29 into the warp shed shown in Fig. 5; and the next operation is to bind in the weft thread 29 and form another warp shed as shown in Fig. 5 for the next pick by raising the threads 22 and 25 and lowering the threads 23 and 2li and then crossing the threads 2stlaterally over the threads 25 and, at the same time, raising the threads 25 and lowering the threads 2li. rfhe series of operations just described is then repeated over and over again, the lay et of the loom being properly operated with respect to the successive pic-ks to beat up the inserted weft threads, resulting in the production of the cloth shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, G and 7.

During the weaving of the cloth, as above described, the warp threads 24 and 25 of the pairs 21 are twisted first to one side and then to the other side of each other and held in their twisted condition by the inserted horse-hair weft threads, while the threads 22 and 23 of the pairs 20 are not twisted but are positioned side by side throughout the length of the fabric, thus causing the Warp threads to exert pressure upon the top and against the bottom of the weft threads, and causing the threads 22 and 23 of the pairs 20 which are not twisted to exert less pressure than the threads 24 and 25 of the twisted pairs 21 due to the longitudinal pulling action alone of the threads of the pairs 20 and the combined longitudinal pulling and transverse twisting actions of the threads of the pairs 21, resulting in causing the warp threads to produce or tend t0 produce irregular waves in the horse-hair weft threads which prevents them from shifting their positions in the fabric when in use.

t will be understood, of course, that the threads shown in Figs. 3, d, 5, 6 and 7 are greatly magnified and that the said figures show only a narrow strip of the actual fabric or cloth.

We claim:

1. rlhe art of weaving horse hair cloth which consists in arranging the textile warp threads in sets of pairs throughout the width of the fabric, causing the threads of each alternate pair only to cross each other and form a twisted relation in the raising and lowering formation of sheds of all the pairs in the several sets, and then inserting horse hair wefts into the alternating warp sheds thus formed whereby a portion of each horse hair weft extends through and serves to maintain the twist formed by one pair of warps and between the upper and lower' threads of the next succeeding pair of warps in the alternating series.

sure between the alternating pairs of untwisted warp threads.

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto atixed our signatures this 12th day of April,

2. The art of weaving horse hair Cloth which consists in arranging the warp threads in sets each consisting of a pair of warp threads, forming warp sheds of each pair in the sets, causing the 1thretlds in aeh allter- A. D. 1915.

nate pair to cross eaei ot er an proc nee a twisted relation, and then inserting horse hair wefts into the alternating warp sheds thus formed, whereby said wefts are held Witnesses:

under pressure between the pairs of twisted THoMAs C. LEoNARDs,

warp threads and under relatively less pres- I. M. TUNIS.

Gopies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

